Its called an anchor chock, attach at the bow, run anchor line through it, it will stay cause of the offset "horns" , put a anchoring cleat, or use your stern cleat, where you can easily reach it... The anchor stays IN the boat, the anchor line is attached to the stern, or reachable cleat., and the line runs forward through the chock....Deploy your anchor, and pay out at the stern cleat...when ready to pick up, run the boat ahead slow and retrieve the line and anchor, again, the anchor stays in the boat unless your adjusting your position, then just let the anchor hang from the bow chock....
Then like Steve says, put a float on the bitter end if you want to quickly un anchor and come back to the same spot, but that makes re anchoring through the chock an issue....frankly, you can pick up the anchor pretty fast the way I describe, all depends on your experience level.....